The PIK3CA gene, encoding the PI3K p110α catalytic subunit, is the most frequently altered gene in this pathway in breast cancer, with hotspot mutations leading to constitutive PI3K activation observed across various subtypes.[102] PIP3 subsequently mediates the phosphorylation and activation of AKT (also known as Protein Kinase B), which profoundly influences cell cycle progression, survival, and growth. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and breast carcinoma.