CTLA4 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: It has been reported that the overall response rate (ORR) of single‐agent and dual‐agent ICB with anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 and/or anti‐CTLA4 in patients with ESCC in the overall population was 19.3% and 28%, respectively.[44, 45] These findings indicate that the combination of a single immunosuppressive cellular or molecular component with ICB shows limited effectiveness in improving the overall efficacy of ICB.