AIF1 and Autoimmunity: Although the precise role of B cells in AIH pathogenesis remains unclear, our findings suggest a potential mechanistic link through AIF1 (allograft inflammatory factor 1)—a key regulator of phagocytosis, membrane ruffling, and F-actin polymerization, which has been associated with multiple autoimmune disorders (De Leon-Oliva et al. 2023).