AD is characterized by typical pathological features, primarily including extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque deposition, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by hyperphosphorylated tau protein, and extensive loss of neurons and synapses in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex (Leake, 2023). The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.