By delivering immune-suppressive molecules such as TGF-β, IL-10, or PD-L1, they induce polarization of macrophages toward a tumor-associated (M2-like) phenotype, expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and suppression of cytotoxic T cell and NK cell responses (Clancy and D’Souza-Schorey, 2023; Sun et al., 2018). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.