Exposure to microplastics leads to decreased mitochondrial function, induces oxidative stress and ferroptosis, and causes abnormal expression of genes related to mitochondrial function, such as increased expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), thereby associating them with neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (50). This evidence concerns the gene TFAM and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.