PLOD1 and breast carcinoma: Emerging evidence demonstrates the oncogenic potential of PLOD family members across various malignancies (12): PLOD1 promotes osteosarcoma proliferation and metastasis while correlating with clinical features in breast cancer (13, 14); PLOD2 facilitates immune evasion in sarcoma and enhances breast cancer cell proliferation (14); and PLOD3 drives colorectal cancer liver metastasis through vascular microenvironment remodeling (15).