For instance, hypoxia upregulates PLOD2 expression via HIF1A, and PLOD2 promotes the malignant progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by binding to and activating the EGFR/AKT signaling pathway, while the PLOD2 inhibitor minoxidil suppresses this process, suggesting PLOD2 as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for ccRCC (39). Here, AKT1 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.