Some studies report increased IL-10 expression in CIN or cervical cancer patients, supporting its association with the development of CIN and cervical cancer (13, 15, 45–47).Conversely, IL-10 is also reported to have anti-tumor effects, with immunostimulatory and anti-angiogenic properties that may inhibit tumor growth and spread, including that of cervical cancer cells (44, 48).It may promote NK cell proliferation and activity, aiding in the elimination of diseased cells. Here, IL10 is linked to cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.