While enhanced anti-PD-L1 therapy has shown efficacy in treating lung cancer in combination with different therapeutic strategies, such as sonodynamic therapy (SDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and phototherapy [[30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37]], there is still a requirement for novel strategies that can directly increase the level of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the TME to transform a “cold” tumor into a “hot” tumor and improve the potential responses to ICB. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.