CD19 and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Here, we show that CysCAR-T cells,engineered with different cysteine-modified antibody fragments, exhibita potent and specific cytotoxicity in vitro acrossvarious B cell lymphoma (BCL) subtypes, even in antigen escape models.Moreover, by integrating cysteine engineering with clinically usedanti-CD19 CAR-T cells, we enabled simultaneous targeting of CD19 andaltered redox states on BCL, potentially reducing the risk of antigenescape.