These modifications,recognized as hallmarks of tumorigenesis, are closely associated withtumor progression and metastasis. Specificaltered glycans have been identified as tumor-associated antigens,serving as valuable biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Notably, many tumor cells overexpress O-linkedglyco-epitopes, such as the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TF or T),Thomsen-nouvelle antigen (Tn), sialyl-Tn (sTn), sialyl-Lewis x, andsialyl-Lewis∧um (sLex/Sleum). The gene discussed is TF; the disease is neoplasm.