TGFB1 and neoplasm: To meet these demands, cancer cells secrete a varietyof growth factors, such as VEGF and TGF-β, along with otherangiogenic proteins that stimulate neovascularization, ensuring acontinuous supply of oxygen and nutrients to the tumor., Consequently, antiangiogenic agents targeting these vascular growthfactors and key molecules involved in neovascularization have beenemployed to restrict the tumors’ blood supply, thereby inhibitingtumor growth and metastasis.,