TGFB1 and neoplasm: The decreasein these two markers (VEGF and TGF-β) in theCAM membrane is directly linked to reduced neovascularization, a crucialprocess for tumor growth and metastasis, as it supplies tumor cellswith essential nutrients and oxygen., Moreover,the downregulation of VEGF and TGF-β is associated with a decreasein the presence of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts, which are keycomponents of the tumor microenvironment and contribute to tumor growthand progression.