The association between serum GDF-15 levels and CKD progression was analyzed in 671 patients of the Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children with CKD (4C) study, aged 6 to 17 years with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 10 to 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at baseline, and median follow-up of 8 years. Here, GDF15 is linked to chronic kidney disease.