TNF and Hyperammonemia: Ammonia is involved in the development of both Type A and Type C HE, including cytokines [91], and inflammatory cytokines like TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐17 in the presence of hyperammonemia have been found to induce neurotoxicity by passing through the BBB and causing enlarged/swollen pale astrocytes, resulting in HE [92].