Building upon AR’s established effects on metabolic regulation and our preliminary findings regarding mangiferin’s modulation of lipid metabolism, we hypothesise that specific serum-absorbed AR components and their metabolites regulate key metabolic pathways (particularly lipid metabolism) and inflammatory signalling (notably the NF-κB/PPAR axis) in T2DM. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.