The activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) inhibitor galunisertib and the antifibrotic agent pirfenidone have demonstrated efficacy in reducing collagen deposition and improving functional outcomes in Phase II/III clinical trials for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, with ongoing investigations in hepatic and renal fibrosis (Herbertz et al., 2015; Antar et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene TGFBR1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.