CAT and endometriosis: Impaired antioxidant defenses, characterized by reduced activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT), along with decreased glutathione levels, are commonly observed in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and idiopathic infertility (43, 77, 85–87).