Impaired antioxidant defenses, characterized by reduced activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT), along with decreased glutathione levels, are commonly observed in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and idiopathic infertility (43, 77, 85–87). The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.