GLP1R and acute kidney injury: Lumbar fusion: Three studies (Ghali et al. (2025), Khalid et al. (2025), Tummala et al. (2025)) [20,24,26] with 8,844 participants showed a significant increase in acute kidney injury with GLP-1 receptor agonists (RR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.03-1.70; p = 0.03).