GLP1R and diabetes mellitus: Information gathered comprised study descriptors (research team, publication year, design approach, cohort size, and follow-up length), participant demographics (age characteristics, sex composition, diabetes mellitus status, coexisting conditions including hypertension, obesity, and smoking history), intervention parameters (GLP-1 receptor agonist type, dosing regimen, exposure definition, and therapy duration), surgical characteristics (fusion region and surgery type), and outcome variables.