Furthermore, alterations in the mRNA and/or protein expression levels of cellular markers, such as Iba-1 (microglia/macrophages), Gfap (astrocytes), and cFos (neurons), as well as other factors implicated in neuropathy such as pp38, pERK1/2, pJNK, pNFκB, Nrf2, Sod1 and NR2B, were examined in the spinal cord. The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is neuropathy.