This is consistent with recent findings from another cohort, which reported an association between sVCAM-1 and HF with reduced ejection fraction.41 sVCAM-1 might be superior to CRP as a biomarker of AF and HF development, as elevations in sVCAM-1 are specific to endothelial inflammation, whereas CRP is a more nonspecific inflammatory marker. The gene discussed is CRP; the disease is atrial fibrillation.