MYD88 and autoimmune disease: Toll-like receptors are central pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system, activating downstream inflammatory and immune responses by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns or damage-associated molecular patterns.[40] Their canonical signaling pathways include the MyD88-dependent pathway (activating NF-κB and MAPK pathways) and the TRIF-dependent pathway (inducing type I interferons).[41] Aberrant activation of Toll-Like Receptors is closely associated with chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and tissue damage.