VEGFA and pulmonary arterial hypertension: The VEGFA gene, which encoded VEGFA protein, has closely linked to PAH in previous studies and even shown to be a promising indicator for the diagnosis of PAH.[5]VEGFA was also found to be upregulated in pulmonary hypertension and suggested as a potential biomarker, based on studies in in-vitro cell culture models, peripheral blood samples, and lung tissue samples.[8–10] In contrast, the present study revealed that VEGFA was significantly downregulated in the lung tissues of patients with IPAH.