INS and atherosclerosis: These pathways were the cAMP signaling pathway, lipid, and atherosclerosis, AGE–RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, adipocytokine signaling pathway, insulin secretion, glutamatergic synapse, TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, PI3K–Akt signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway.