INS and Obesity: In 2010, Stienstra et al identified the significant role of caspase-1 in adipose tissue metabolism and suggested that inhibiting caspase-1 activity may contribute to improving adipocyte metabolism and enhancing insulin sensitivity, thus serving as a potential treatment for obesity and T2DM.[24] The NLRP3 inflammasome leads to the activation of caspase-1 and processes the inactive IL-1β precursor into mature, active IL-1β.