The objectives of this study were to develop a technical framework based on tumor andperitumoral habitats for quantifying ITH and PTH in HCC and to construct predictivemodels using ITH- and PTH-derived metrics for noninvasively diagnosing MVI andevaluating postoperative prognosis in patients with HCC undergoing liver resection.Specifically, the core method involves encoding the tumor and peritumoral regionsinto different habitats, calculating multiple radiomics features within eachhabitat, and quantifying the distribution heterogeneity of these features acrosshabitats. The gene discussed is PTH; the disease is neoplasm.