The TGF-β/Smad pathway has a significant effect on the normal function of the cell cycle (53, 54), and by influencing the signal transduction of the TGF-β/Smad pathway, the cell cycle of tumor cells can be disrupted, thereby suppressing the malignant behavior of carcinoma cells (55, 56), an essential angle we plan to explore. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.