CXCR3 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Using T-ALL cell lines (KOPTK1, PER117) and primary samples (Pt #2, Pt #4), we demonstrated that CXCR3 knockout reduced the activation of ERK1/2, p38, AKT, and SAPK/JNK, along with β-catenin pathways, which are known to regulate T-ALL cell proliferation and signal transduction (Figure 2G) (29).