INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Lower BMI is another risk factor for onset, suggesting that people with type 2 diabetes in East Asia characterized by impaired insulin secretion could gain less weight (and possibly less muscle mass40) but may be susceptible to retinopathy.41 Higher systolic blood pressure at baseline was another risk factor, but systolic blood pressure at 1 year was not a risk factor, possibly due to the better blood pressure management in this trial.22,28