JUN and periodontitis: The β-catenin-independent noncanonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation,29 thus c-JUN downregulation may suggest Wnt/PCP pathway inhibition, reinforcing Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation via antagonistic interactions.29 These findings warrant further investigation into Wnt/β-catenin pathway involvement in periodontitis.