In addition, to enhance the therapeutic effect toward GBM,themitochondrial-targeted nanofiber was further functionalized with TMZusing the same MMP-9-responsive release strategy previously shownto be effective in our recent work. Weassessed the cytotoxic effect of BrP alone and in combination withTMZ in in vitro experiments on healthy cells and GBM cell lines (U-87MG, ATCC) in both 2D and 3D cultures. The gene discussed is MMP9; the disease is glioblastoma.