KRAS and sarcopenia: DA-Raf exerts tumor-suppressing and invasion-suppressing functions to cancer cells with oncogenic KRAS mutations (Yokoyama et al, 2007; Kanno et al, 2018; Matsuda et al, 2024), DA-Raf also induces skeletal myocyte differentiation (Yokoyama et al, 2007; Takahashi et al, 2019) and counteracts skeletal muscle atrophy and sarcopenia caused by TGF-β superfamily protein-induced non-Smad Ras–ERK pathway (Masuzawa et al, 2022).