Compared with monotherapy, combination therapy with an SGLT2 inhibitor and a GLP-1 RA was associated with a lower risk of the kidney composite endpoint (RR 0.48 [95% CI 0.32, 0.73]; very low certainty of evidence due to risk of bias, inconsistency and indirectness; Fig. 3, Table 2) and hospitalisation for heart failure (RR 0.67 [95% CI 0.64, 0.71]; moderate certainty of evidence due to risk of bias; Fig. 3, Table 2). The gene discussed is GLP1R; the disease is heart failure.