CXCL2 and neoplasm: Consequently, previous studies predominantly focused on its extracellular functions.[44, 45] In addition, a previous study reported that in HCC cell lines, CXCL2 was mainly concentrated in the tumor supernatant rather than inside the tumor cells, which might have constrained the exploration of whether intracellular CXCL2 exerts distinct biological functions.[19] These data may explain why CXCL2 exerts different biological effects in HCC.