In ApoE genotyped participants (81%), females in the highest BPV tertile lacking the ɛ4 allele had increased risk of dementia (HR = 1.39; 1.04–1.84), while risk of cognitive decline was increased in both sexes lacking the ɛ4 allele (males HR = 1.25; 1.09–1.43; females HR = 1.14; 1.01–1.29). The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is dementia.