HMGB1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: In addition, the elevations of RV/(left ventricle [LV] + interventricular septum [S]), pulmonary arteriole medial wall thickness, proportion of muscularized arteries, and PASMC proliferation of pulmonary arterioles in MCT-induced PAH rats were also attenuated by treatment with HMGB1 inhibitor GLY, YAP inhibitor VER, and PFKFB3 inhibitor 3-PO, respectively (Fig. 8, C–E).