INS and diabetes mellitus: <h4>Objective</h4>This randomized controlled trial evaluated the differential effects of aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), and combined training (CT) on biphasic insulin secretion and glucose effectiveness (GE) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).<h4>Methods</h4>Forty-five male T2DM patients (mean age: 55.24 ± 8.17 years; disease duration: 12.51 ± 6.46 years; baseline HbA1c: 7.1% ± 1.0%) were randomized to 12-week AT (<i>n</i> = 11), RT (<i>n</i> = 11), CT (<i>n</i> = 11), or control (<i>n</i> = 12) groups.