TNF and cutaneous mastocytosis: Human pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-coagulation proteins, such as TNF-α and thrombin, have been proposed to be responsible for the increase of Ang-2 secretion by endothelial cells (Gomes et al, 2023; Fiedler et al, 2004), but the causative agent responsible for decreased secretion of Ang-1 in CM patients remains unknown.