The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) showed that the myoepithelial cell layer at the ductal region is disrupted in the CRD-induced mammary glands compared to LD-induced mammary glands (Fig. 1I), which signifies a disruption in the protective cell layer surrounding the milk ducts, which can be an indicator of early signs of breast cancer [25, 26]. Here, ACTA1 is linked to breast carcinoma.