TSPO and epilepsy: Notably, the translocator protein (TSPO) was the only DEG in both conditions, with upregulation observed in T1DM (log2FC = 0.504, <i>p</i> = 0.0319) and epilepsy (log2FC = 0.562, <i>p</i> < 0.001).<h4>Conclusions</h4>This study maps the evolving research landscape of epilepsy and T1DM, confirming autoimmunity as a key link.