Figure 2 and Supplementary Table 3 show the associations between coffee intake and CKD (binary trait) according to genotype in rs4410790 of AHR, rs762551 of CYP1A2 and rs2074356 of HECTD4. Higher coffee intake was marginally associated with a lower prevalence of CKD among the total participant cohort with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.79 (≥ 3 cups/day, Model 3: 95% CI 0.60 to 1.03). This evidence concerns the gene HECTD4 and chronic kidney disease.