Similar responses were observed when comparing a dose of 0.33 mg/kg (mimics mild bacteremia) versus 3 mg/kg (dose used in sepsis models) on islet gene expression, as the changes in mRNA accumulation of Gbp2, Gbp5, Defb1, Sod2, Nos2, Slc2a2, Pdx1, and Mafa appear to plateau between 0.3 to 3 mg/kg LPS (Fig. 7). Here, MAFA is linked to bacterial infectious disease with sepsis.