For example, our GWAS for T2D identified dozens of novel T2D-associated SNPs in genes such as HLA-DQB1, C2, VWA7, MSH5-SAPCD1, LY6G5B, CLIC1, LY6G6C, BTNL2, EHMT2, NELFE, HCG23, SLC44A4, ATP6V1G2, HLA-DOA, TNXB, MUC22, SKIV2L, PSORS1C1, CDSN, DXO, PSORS1C2, TCF19, CCHCR1, POU5F1, HCG22, BRD2, IP6K3, LINC01016, CDKN2B-AS1, LOC100420530 and SMG6, among others (Supplementary Data 17), highlighting that the TPMI, with its large sample size, provides new and powerful resources for gene mapping and precision medicine. Here, SLC44A4 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.