For example, our GWAS for T2D identified dozens of novel T2D-associated SNPs in genes such as HLA-DQB1, C2, VWA7, MSH5-SAPCD1, LY6G5B, CLIC1, LY6G6C, BTNL2, EHMT2, NELFE, HCG23, SLC44A4, ATP6V1G2, HLA-DOA, TNXB, MUC22, SKIV2L, PSORS1C1, CDSN, DXO, PSORS1C2, TCF19, CCHCR1, POU5F1, HCG22, BRD2, IP6K3, LINC01016, CDKN2B-AS1, LOC100420530 and SMG6, among others (Supplementary Data 17), highlighting that the TPMI, with its large sample size, provides new and powerful resources for gene mapping and precision medicine. Here, HLA-DOA is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.