BMP10 and atrial fibrillation: Elevated blood concentrations of BMP10 were shown to be associated with AF,6 stroke in patients with AF,7 recurrent AF after ablation,8,9 and a lower chance of attaining sinus rhythm at follow-up.10 BMP10 in combination with other biomarkers can detect patients with prevalent AF6 and can identify patients with AF at high risk of cardiovascular events.11 Understanding the conditions leading to BMP10 release from the atria and the functional effects of BMP10 in the heart could help to better define the clinical use of BMP10.