The role of IL-1 family members in sterile inflammation-mediated pathologies extends far beyond these acute events and is at the center of chronic inflammatory conditions that drive a broad spectrum of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders (Fig. 4). The gene discussed is IL1A; the disease is atherosclerosis.