TFE3 and neoplasm: Prognostic risk factors included multiorgan metastasis, male sex, and age ≥ 55 years.<h4>Future directions</h4>Precision treatment exploring targeted gene fusions (e.g., WWTR1-CAMTA1, YAP1-TFE3); research on the effects of Bartonella infection and EGFR overexpression on tumor progression; and the development of early diagnostic models based on radiomics.