NLRP3 and atrial fibrillation: AAV9-mediated cardiomyocyte-specific knockdown of NLRP3 significantly reduced AF inducibility to 20% after AAV9-shNLRP3 treatment vs 77.8% in scramble treated controls and significantly attenuated structural atrial remodeling, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of AAV-based gene knockdown of inflammasome components in AF [63].