SIRT1 and infection: The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, a key pathway enhanced during intracellular mycobacterial infection, plays a significant role in modulating autophagy.[47] By activating the SIRT1/FoxO3a axis, punicalagin could override pathogen‐driven mTOR signaling, redirecting host machinery toward antimicrobial autophagy while concurrently shielding mitochondria from infection‐associated oxidative damage.