IL1B and gout: Hyperuricemia was demonstrated to prime monocytes for increased inflammatory cytokine responses.24 IL-1β release upon activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in response to monosodium urate crystals is involved in gout, which is a relevant inducer of pro-inflammatory trained immunity.108 Alterations in histone modifications are described in gout patient monocytes and monocytes primed with urate.23,24