MTOR and sarcoidosis: Indications of the hallmarks of trained immunity, mTOR signaling activity, metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic rewiring, are reported.105,110–113 Thus it is proposed that maladaptive trained immunity is involved in sarcoidosis pathogenesis.105 Importantly, trained immunity signatures are found not only in granulomatous tissues, but also in circulating monocytes.114 A rare set of sarcoidosis patients undergoing lung transplantation suffered recurrence of granulomas.