FTH1 and polycystic ovary syndrome: Specifically, PCOS patients exhibit elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Fe2+ in the ovary, along with reduced FTH and GPX4 levels.[4] Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance further promote ferroptosis by reducing GPX4 expression in PCOS rat models.[25] Notably, impaired NAD+ production facilitates ferroptosis progression.