MTOR and prostate carcinoma: As shown in Fig. 3D, enzalutamide can induce autophagy by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibiting the mTOR pathway; autophagy aids prostate cancer cells in surviving endocrine therapy pressure by meeting metabolic demands and degrading intracellular anticancer drugs or related proteins, thus reducing drug efficacy and promoting resistance [[37], [38], [39]].