Novel loci include those mapping to LHX8 and TSBP1 (combined clefts), ARHGEF18 and ARHGEF19 (cleft lip with/without palate), FBN2 (cleft lip only), SLC35B3 (cleft palate only), CASC20 (Pierre Robin Sequence) and CHRM2 (non-syndromic cleft palate only). Here, ARHGEF18 is linked to medical procedure.