Proteomic analysis further revealed distinct DAPs following FB1 and HFB1 exposure, implicating alterations in immune modulation (e.g. differential regulation of CD276), iron homeostasis (upregulation of FTL and FTH1), epithelial integrity (downregulation of NTN4, ST14), extracellular matrix remodelling (reduced SPARC), and angiogenesis-related pathways (decreased TINAGL1, FBLN2, SDC4) suggesting early changes in cellular signalling, stress response, and structural regulation that may be relevant to cancer biology and warrant further investigation. Here, ST14 is linked to cancer.